Here is what every stats and attributes means in Elden Ring.

Vigor

Increases HP. (Bigger Health Bar, Red)

Mind

Increases FP. (Bigger Focus Bar, Blue)

Endurance

Increases Stamina (Bigger Green Bar) and Equipment Load (Can Carry More Weight).

Strength

Increases physical damage with melee weapons. (For Slow Weapons)

Dexterity

Increases physical damage with melee weapons. (For Fast  Weapons)

Intelligence

Increases magical damage.

Faith

Increases magical damage. (Fire and Holy)

Arcane

Increases efficiency of bleeding, poison and sleep damages.